These won't even run the latest version of Mac OS X, let alone macOS. But they will run an up-to-date version of Ubuntu Linux without breaking a sweat. Linux is loved by developers, and for good. Depending on your Mac version and age, you may need to adjust the VirtualBox settings for Linux to make the window bigger. To do so, you must first exit the Linux installation. From there: Highlight the Linux virtual intallation on the main VirtualBox screen. Choose Settings. Change Scale Factor from 100% to 200%.
Installing Flask installs the
flask
script, a Click command lineinterface, in your virtualenv. Executed from the terminal, this script givesaccess to built-in, extension, and application-defined commands. The --help
option will give more information about any commands and options.Visual Studio Code on macOS Installation. Download Visual Studio Code for macOS.; Open the browser's download list and locate the downloaded archive. Select the 'magnifying glass' icon to open the archive in Finder. The Mac makes use of a UNIX-like operating system. And like most Unix or Linux based systems, the command line interface is one of the key methods for interacting with the operating system. The Mac (and many UNIX and Linux systems) also features a graphical user interface to make working with the computer even easier. I’m trying to make an app using the.sh extension to run a command like git clone; git submodule update -init;./make.sh; cp -f but it’s not working. Mahboud wrote on 16th June 2014 at 12:00: Use Automator to turn a shell script into an app.
Application Discovery¶
The
flask
command is installed by Flask, not your application; it must betold where to find your application in order to use it. The FLASK_APP
environment variable is used to specify how to load the application.Unix Bash (Linux, Mac, etc.):
Windows CMD:
Windows PowerShell:
While
FLASK_APP
supports a variety of options for specifying yourapplication, most use cases should be simple. Here are the typical values:The file
wsgi.py
is imported, automatically detecting an app(app
). This provides an easy way to create an app from a factory withextra arguments.FLASK_APP=hello
The name is imported, automatically detecting an app (
app
) or factory(create_app
).FLASK_APP
has three parts: an optional path that sets the current workingdirectory, a Python file or dotted import path, and an optional variablename of the instance or factory. If the name is a factory, it can optionallybe followed by arguments in parentheses. The following values demonstrate theseparts:FLASK_APP=src/hello
Sets the current working directory to
src
then imports hello
.FLASK_APP=hello.web
Imports the path
hello.web
.FLASK_APP=hello:app2
Uses the
app2
Flask instance in hello
.FLASK_APP='hello:create_app('dev')'
The
create_app
factory in hello
is called with the string 'dev'
as the argument.Best Mac App
If
FLASK_APP
is not set, the command will try to import “app” or“wsgi” (as a “.py” file, or package) and try to detect an applicationinstance or factory.Within the given import, the command looks for an application instance named
app
or application
, then any application instance. If no instance isfound, the command looks for a factory function named create_app
ormake_app
that returns an instance.When calling an application factory, if the factory takes an argument named
script_info
, then the ScriptInfo
instance is passed as akeyword argument. If the application factory takes only one argument and noparentheses follow the factory name, the ScriptInfo
instanceis passed as a positional argument. If parentheses follow the factory name,their contents are parsed as Python literals and passes as arguments to thefunction. This means that strings must still be in quotes.Run the Development Server¶
The
run
command will start the development server. Itreplaces the Flask.run()
method in most cases.Warning
Do not use this command to run your application in production.Only use the development server during development. The development serveris provided for convenience, but is not designed to be particularly secure,stable, or efficient. See Deployment Options for how to run in production.
Open a Shell¶
To explore the data in your application, you can start an interactive Pythonshell with the
shell
command. An applicationcontext will be active, and the app instance will be imported.Use
shell_context_processor()
to add other automatic imports.Environments¶
Changelog
The environment in which the Flask app runs is set by the
FLASK_ENV
environment variable. If not set it defaults toproduction
. The other recognized environment is development
.Flask and extensions may choose to enable behaviors based on theenvironment.If the env is set to
development
, the flask
command will enabledebug mode and flaskrun
will enable the interactive debugger andreloader.Watch Extra Files with the Reloader¶
When using development mode, the reloader will trigger whenever yourPython code or imported modules change. The reloader can watchadditional files with the
--extra-files
option, or theFLASK_RUN_EXTRA_FILES
environment variable. Multiple paths areseparated with :
, or ;
on Windows.Debug Mode¶
Debug mode will be enabled when
FLASK_ENV
is development
,as described above. If you want to control debug mode separately, useFLASK_DEBUG
. The value 1
enables it, 0
disables it.Environment Variables From dotenv¶
Rather than setting
FLASK_APP
each time you open a new terminal, you canuse Flask’s dotenv support to set environment variables automatically.If python-dotenv is installed, running the
flask
command will setenvironment variables defined in the files .env
and .flaskenv
.This can be used to avoid having to set FLASK_APP
manually every time youopen a new terminal, and to set configuration using environment variablessimilar to how some deployment services work.Variables set on the command line are used over those set in
.env
,which are used over those set in .flaskenv
. .flaskenv
should beused for public variables, such as FLASK_APP
, while .env
should notbe committed to your repository so that it can set private variables.Directories are scanned upwards from the directory you call
flask
from to locate the files. The current working directory will be set to thelocation of the file, with the assumption that that is the top level projectdirectory.The files are only loaded by the
flask
command or callingrun()
. If you would like to load these files when running inproduction, you should call load_dotenv()
manually.Setting Command Options¶
Click is configured to load default values for command options fromenvironment variables. The variables use the pattern
FLASK_COMMAND_OPTION
. For example, to set the port for the runcommand, instead of flaskrun--port8000
:These can be added to the
.flaskenv
file just like FLASK_APP
tocontrol default command options.Disable dotenv¶
The
flask
command will show a message if it detects dotenv files butpython-dotenv is not installed.![Top mac app Top mac app](/uploads/1/3/4/2/134248630/803005330.png)
You can tell Flask not to load dotenv files even when python-dotenv isinstalled by setting the
FLASK_SKIP_DOTENV
environment variable.This can be useful if you want to load them manually, or if you’re usinga project runner that loads them already. Keep in mind that theenvironment variables must be set before the app loads or it won’tconfigure as expected.Environment Variables From virtualenv¶
If you do not want to install dotenv support, you can still set environmentvariables by adding them to the end of the virtualenv’s
activate
script. Activating the virtualenv will set the variables.Unix Bash,
venv/bin/activate
:Windows CMD,
venvScriptsactivate.bat
:It is preferred to use dotenv support over this, since
.flaskenv
can becommitted to the repository so that it works automatically wherever the projectis checked out.Custom Commands¶
The
flask
command is implemented using Click. See that project’sdocumentation for full information about writing commands.This example adds the command
create-user
that takes the argumentname
.This example adds the same command, but as
usercreate
, a command in agroup. This is useful if you want to organize multiple related commands.See Testing CLI Commands for an overview of how to test your customcommands.
Registering Commands with Blueprints¶
If your application uses blueprints, you can optionally register CLIcommands directly onto them. When your blueprint is registered onto yourapplication, the associated commands will be available to the
flask
command. By default, those commands will be nested in a group matchingthe name of the blueprint.You can alter the group name by specifying the
cli_group
parameterwhen creating the Blueprint
object, or later withapp.register_blueprint(bp,cli_group='..')
.The following are equivalent: How to delete an app from macos.Specifying
cli_group=None
will remove the nesting and merge thecommands directly to the application’s level: Kik messenger mac app.Application Context¶
Commands added using the Flask app’s
cli
command()
decorator will be executed with an applicationcontext pushed, so your command and extensions have access to the app and itsconfiguration. If you create a command using the Click command()
decorator instead of the Flask decorator, you can usewith_appcontext()
to get the same behavior.If you’re sure a command doesn’t need the context, you can disable it:
Bash 3.2# Mac
Plugins¶
Flask will automatically load commands specified in the
flask.commands
entry point. This is useful for extensions that want to add commands whenthey are installed. Entry points are specified in setup.py
Inside
flask_my_extension/commands.py
you can then export a Clickobject:Once that package is installed in the same virtualenv as your Flask project,you can run
flaskmy-command
to invoke the command.Custom Scripts¶
When you are using the app factory pattern, it may be more convenient to defineyour own Click script. Instead of using
FLASK_APP
and letting Flask loadyour application, you can create your own Click object and export it as aconsole script entry point.Create an instance of
FlaskGroup
and pass it the factory:Define the entry point in
setup.py
:Mac App Store Download Free
Install the application in the virtualenv in editable mode and the customscript is available. Note that you don’t need to set
FLASK_APP
.Errors in Custom Scripts
When using a custom script, if you introduce an error in yourmodule-level code, the reloader will fail because it can no longerload the entry point.
The
flask
command, being separate from your code, does not havethis issue and is recommended in most cases.PyCharm Integration¶
PyCharm Professional provides a special Flask run configuration. Forthe Community Edition, we need to configure it to call the
flaskrun
CLI command with the correct environment variables. These instructionsshould be similar for any other IDE you might want to use.In PyCharm, with your project open, click on Run from the menu bar andgo to Edit Configurations. You’ll be greeted by a screen similar tothis:
There’s quite a few options to change, but once we’ve done it for onecommand, we can easily copy the entire configuration and make a singletweak to give us access to other commands, including any custom ones youmay implement yourself.
Click the + (Add New Configuration) button and select Python. Givethe configuration a name such as “flask run”. For the
flaskrun
command, check “Single instance only” since you can’t run the servermore than once at the same time.Select Module name from the dropdown (A) then input
flask
.The Parameters field (B) is set to the CLI command to execute(with any arguments). In this example we use
run
, which will runthe development server.You can skip this next step if you’re using Environment Variables From dotenv. We need toadd an environment variable (C) to identify our application. Clickon the browse button and add an entry with
FLASK_APP
on the left andthe Python import or file on the right (hello
for example). Add anentry with FLASK_ENV
and set it to development
.Next we need to set the working directory (D) to be the folder whereour application resides.
If you have installed your project as a package in your virtualenv, youmay untick the PYTHONPATH options (E). This will more accuratelymatch how you deploy the app later.
Click Apply to save the configuration, or OK to save and close thewindow. Select the configuration in the main PyCharm window and clickthe play button next to it to run the server.
Now that we have a configuration which runs
flaskrun
from withinPyCharm, we can copy that configuration and alter the Script argumentto run a different CLI command, e.g. flaskshell
.Terminal User Guide
![Download Download](/uploads/1/3/4/2/134248630/253959531.png)
You can use the command-line environment interactively by typing a command and waiting for a result, or you can use the shell to compose scripts that run without direct interaction.
Execute commands in the shell
Bash Run Mac App On Linux
- In the Terminal app on your Mac, enter the complete pathname of the tool’s executable file, followed by any needed arguments, then press Return.
If a command is located in one of the shell’s known folders, you can omit path information when entering the command name. The list of known folders is stored in the shell’s PATH environment variable and includes the folders containing most command-line tools.
For example, to run the
ls
command in the current user’s home folder, enter the following at the command prompt, then press Return:To run a command in the current user’s home folder, precede it with the folder specifier. For example, to run
MyCommandLineProg
, use the following:% ~/MyCommandLineProg
To open an app, use the open command:
When entering commands, if you get the message
command not found
, check your spelling. Here’s an example:% opne -a TextEdit.app
zsh: opne: command not found
Terminate commands
- In the Terminal app on your Mac, click the Terminal window that is running the command you want to terminate.
- Press Control-C.This sends a signal that causes most commands to terminate.
Repeat previously entered commands
Mac Bash Profile
The commands you enter during a session are saved so you can repeat a previously used command without retyping it.
- In the Terminal app on your Mac, press the Up Arrow key.The last command you entered appears on the command line.
- Continue pressing the Up Arrow key until you see the command you want, then press Return.
See alsoSpecify files and folders in Terminal on MacRedirect Terminal input and output on MacDrag files into a Terminal window to specify paths on MacKeyboard shortcuts in Terminal on MacApple Developer website: Command Line Primer